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Rimsky-Korsakov, Practical Manual of Harmony in English

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov · section 77 of 96

Melodic Ornamentation in the Free Style

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§ 75.—The most commonly used devices of melodic ornamentation in the free style are the following:

1) The passing note and the auxiliary note on the strong beat of the bar or on the strong part of a beat, regarded also as a suspension prepared by stepwise motion:

[Example]
Fig. 327 · See it in the reader

2) Auxiliary notes on the strong and weak beats of the bar, or on the strong and weak parts of a beat, arising from disjunct motion; those on the strong beat or on the strong part of a beat are also called unprepared suspensions or appoggiaturas:

[Example]
Fig. 328 · See it in the reader

3) The double appoggiatura: when the principal note is preceded by the ascending appoggiatura followed by the descending one, and vice versa:

[Example]
Fig. 329 · See it in the reader