Concept index · Dissonance and embellishment

Anticipation

Taught in 9 books. Each one opens at the passage; ▶ plays the example beside it.

This index is Playable Books’ own: a first pass that finds the term’s words in each book, corrected by hand. The authors did not tag these passages, and their terms can differ (Fux’s “ligature” is a suspension). The quoted text is the book’s.

Gradus ad ParnassumJohann Joseph Fux, 1725

Start: On the figures of variation and anticipation →

On the figures of variation and anticipation
The figure of anticipation occurs when half the value of the preceding note is taken away and added to the following one. For example:
▶ Fig. 399 nearby

Exercises in Elementary CounterpointPercy Goetschius, 1910

Chapter XI. The Tie, Continued. Rests
…upon both melody and rhythm. The tying note (the first c) is called an Anticipation, because it does not belong to the chord of its beat, but " anticipates " the harmonic tone of the next beat. While such tones are sometimes used with striking effect, they…
▶ Fig. 179 nearby
Chapter XI. The Tie, Continued. Rests
The second group is not wholly wrong, as the tied note is a suspension; and suspensions are rarely limited in their time-value. Groups 1 and 4 are intolerable, because the tying notes are abrupt anticipations.
▶ Fig. 179 nearby
Chapter XI. The Tie, Continued. Rests
When, on the contrary, the rule is reversed, and the tying note is an anticipation, the result is as follows:
▶ Fig. 181 nearby
Chapter XI. The Tie, Continued. Rests
…the significant fact that this condition prevails throughout; the device of anticipation is applied persistently and uniformly. Such consistency is an excuse for almost any irregularity.
▶ Fig. 181 nearby
Chapter XI. The Tie, Continued. Rests
Observe that these methods, Rule 4, apply best to the note which is legitimately tied as a result of shifting the original essential interval forward; not so well to the tie which creates an anticipation (Ex. 87).
▶ Fig. 190 nearby
Chapter XXIV. Contrapuntal Harmony
…4, the c-natural in Tenor is used as lowered and scale-step (of b minor); in anticipation of this legitimate "alteration," the whole harmonic current sets into C major. The f-sharp in Soprano is a little harsh, but inevitable, as it is the very means of…
▶ Fig. 420 nearby

Counterpoint AppliedPercy Goetschius, 1902

Chapter I
…desired point at precisely the right moment, — not too soon (so that awkward anticipation results), nor too late (so that an equally awkward leap is necessary). Supposing ¿ to be the tone to be reached, in a rhythm of four tones to the (preceding) beat:
▶ Fig. 41 nearby
Chapter XII
…in Alto (meas. 8-10) against Theme in Bass, extended at the beginning by an anticipation of the first figure; it recurs again in Bass (meas. 15-17) against Theme in Soprano, with the same introductory extension; and again in Alto (meas, 25-27), in Soprano…
▶ Fig. 358 nearby

Counterpoint for BeginnersC. H. Kitson, 1927

Start: Chapter V. Fifth Species →

Chapter VIII. Applied Technique
At (b) the repetition of the minim marks off the phrasing. A single crotchet may repeat the same note as the previous dotted minim, or the following minim, as anticipation of resolution of discord:
▶ Fig. 361 nearby

Practical Manual of HarmonyNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, 1910

Start: EXERCISE No. 31 (MELODIES WITHOUT GIVEN BASS) →

Given melodies (Anticipation) · 3 playable examples
Melodies with given basses (Indirect anticipation.) · 6 playable examples

EXERCISE No. 31 (MELODIES WITHOUT GIVEN BASS)
4) The anticipation: a note which, belonging on a strong beat or on the strong part of a beat, is placed prematurely in the same part on the preceding weak beat or weak part of a beat. The anticipation should be fairly short.
▶ Fig. 332 nearby
EXERCISE No. 31 (MELODIES WITHOUT GIVEN BASS)
The anticipation may precede the chord note in one part or in several parts at once:
▶ Fig. 332 nearby
EXERCISE No. 31 (MELODIES WITHOUT GIVEN BASS)
The anticipation is most often used in concluding cadences.
▶ Fig. 332 nearby
EXERCISE No. 31 (MELODIES WITHOUT GIVEN BASS)
The anticipation may also be used before a diatonic or chromatic passing note, before a neighbour note and before an appoggiatura:
▶ Fig. 333 nearby
EXERCISE No. 32 (GIVEN MELODIES)
5) The indirect anticipation, or escape note (**). These are dissonances left without resolution, which are sometimes also called exchanged notes. Most often they can be explained by the omission of one or more passing notes, or by the possibility of their…
▶ Fig. 334 nearby

Guide to the Practical Study of HarmonyPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, 1900

Start: Chapter XXIV. Anticipation →

Table of contents
Chapter XXIV. Anticipation — 91
Chapter XXII. The Organ-point
…to the chord do not enter simultaneonsly— as in the case of suspensions and anticipations—or when tones strange to the chord make their entrance—passing and changing notes.
▶ Fig. 222 nearby
Chapter XXIV. Anticipation
§ 78. By anticipation we mean a harmonic alteration of a chord, in which one or more of its voices adapt certain notes which really belong to the following chord. Anticipation, then, is the opposite of suspension, whieh latter, however, is far more important…
▶ Fig. 251 nearby
Chapter XXIV. Anticipation
An anticipation must never take up an extensive part of the measure; on the contrary, the true purpose of anticipation is the enlivening of the rythm by dividing up notes of long duration.
▶ Fig. 251 nearby
Chapter XXIV. Anticipation
4 9 A suspension and an anticipation can occur simultaneously in one and the same chord; in which case the anticipation must be of shorter duration than the suspension.
▶ Fig. 253 nearby
Chapter XXIV. Anticipation
§ 79. We have said that anticipation is the direct opposite of suspension; this must not, however, be taken literally, since anticipations can, for example, occur in skips, as in the case of suspensions.
▶ Fig. 254 nearby

6 more passages in Guide to the Practical Study of Harmony →

Harmonic AnalysisBenjamin Cutter, 1902

Start: Part two. the non-harmonic tones, in detail →

Contents
…(continued) 28 21. The Embellishing Chord 29 22. The Suspension 31 23. The Anticipation 33 24. The Free Anticipation 34 25. The Retardation 34 26. The Organ Point; the Pedal 35 27. Dispersion of Chord Members 37 28. Tones sustained by Damper Pedal of the Piano…
Part two. the non-harmonic tones, in detail
The Anticipation is the premature entrance of a tone, essential or foreign, and is the opposite of the Suspension. The German term, Vorausnahme, roughly translated as the thing-taken-beforehand, explains this phenomenon finely. Principle No. 4 should be borne…
▶ Fig. 55 nearby
Part two. the non-harmonic tones, in detail
The Free Anticipation is a foreign tone, quitted by skip, which belongs to the following chord. In this respect it differs from the Free Tone.
▶ Fig. 57 nearby
Part three. modulation in general, the altered chords, etc
The Appoggiatura, App.; Double or Triple Appoggiatura, D. or T. App. The Appoggiatura Chord, App. Chd. The Free Tone, F. T. The Accented Passing Tone, O; the Unaccented Passing Tone +. The Embellishment, E. The Embellishing Chord, E. Chd., or E. Chd. vi6/5…
Appendix
…sixteenth notes are accidental tone formations, containing Free Tones, Free Anticipations, etc. It will be realized by any one who studies these measures attentively that here, in “old Bach,” are distortions of the key nearly if not quite as great as those…
▶ Fig. 175 nearby

Theory of HarmonyArnold Schoenberg, 1922

Suspensions and Other Nonharmonic Tones
…so-called nonharmonic notes—suspensions, passing notes, neighboring notes, anticipations—should therefore appear in our exercises as products of melodic events. Their appearance, and the dissonances that invariably accompany them, are thus justified by the…
▶ Fig. 440 nearby
Suspensions and Other Nonharmonic Tones
The anticipation rests on the idea opposite to that of the suspension. If with the latter one or more voices are delayed during a change of harmony, with the former it is the other way round: they come too early, so to speak.
▶ Fig. 469 nearby
Suspensions and Other Nonharmonic Tones
In 265a and b, where a is a suspension and b an anticipation, the two pictures are placed side by side for comparison. Like the suspension, the anticipation can take place either in one voice only or in several. Beyond this there is nothing whatever to say…
▶ Fig. 469 nearby
6. A Few More Small Matters
…by using its tones—nor the penultimate measure of the same song, where anticipation in the bass produces a six-four chord. Rather, I mean a case like measures 14–19 of “Botschaft,” where a free leap is made out of it.
▶ Fig. 607 nearby
Subject index
Anticipation 402, 413

Choral OrchestrationCecil Forsyth, 1920

Preface
…sowing seeds that will produce a crop of musical fruitfulness far beyond his anticipations. In small towns, remote from the great centres of national activity, he really owes this to the community in which he lives. And it is a species of healthy…

More in Dissonance and embellishment

Suspension · Passing notes · Neighbor notes · Appoggiatura · Nota cambiata · Pedal point

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