Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Rimsky-Korsakov, Principles of Orchestration
Open the playable edition →- Editor’s Preface
- Extract from the Author’s Preface (1891)
- Extract from the Preface to the last edition
- A. Stringed Instruments
- Wood-wind
- Brass
- Plucked strings
- Pizzicato
- Harp
- Kettle-drums
- Piano and Celesta
- Glockenspiel, Bells, Xylophone
- Percussion instruments producing indefinite sounds
- Comparison of resonance in orchestral groups and combination of different tone qualities
- Chapter II
- Melody in stringed instruments
- a) Violins
- b) Violas
- c) Violoncellos
- d) Double basses
- Grouping in unison
- Stringed instruments doubling in octaves
- Melody in double octaves
- Doubling in three and four octaves
- Melody in thirds and sixths
- Melody in the wood-wind
- Combination in unison
- Combination in octaves
- Doubling in two, three and four octaves
- Melody in thirds and sixths
- Thirds and sixths together
- Melody in the brass
- Brass in unison, in octaves, thirds and sixths
- A. Combination of wind and brass in unison
- B. Combination of wind and brass in octaves
- Examples of doubling in octaves
- C. Combination of strings and wind
- D. Combination of strings and brass
- E. Combination of the three groups
- General observations
- Number of harmonic parts—Duplication
- Distribution of notes in chords
- String harmony
- Wood-wind harmony
- Four-part and three-part harmony
- Harmony in several parts
- Duplication of timbres
- Remarks
- Four-part writing
- Writing in several parts
- Duplication in the brass
- 1. In unison (juxtaposition or contrast of tone qualities)
- 2. Overlaying (superposition), crossing, enclosure of parts
- B. Combination of strings and wind
- C. Combination of the three groups
- Different ways of orchestrating the same music
- Full Tutti
- Tutti in the wind
- Tutti pizzicato
- Tutti in one, two and three parts
- Soli in the strings
- Limits of orchestral range
- Transference of passages and phrases
- Chords of different tone quality used alternately
- Amplification and elimination of tone qualities
- Repetition of phrases, imitation, echo
- Sforzando-piano and piano-sforzando chords
- Method of emphasising certain notes and chords
- Crescendo and diminuendo
- Diverging and converging progressions
- Harmonic basis
- Artificial effects
- Use of percussion instruments for rhythm and colour
- Economy in orchestral colour
- General remarks
- Transparence of accompaniment. Harmony
- Doubling voices in the orchestra
- Recitative and declamation
- Orchestral accompaniment of the chorus
- Solo voice with chorus
- Instruments on the stage and in the wings
- Technical Terms
- Range and register
- Vocalisation
- Vowels
- Flexibility
- Colour and character of voices
- Voices in combination
- Duet
- Trios, quartets etc
- Range and register
- Melody
- Chorus in unison
- Progression in octaves
- Voices (divisi); harmonic use of the mixed chorus
- B. Men’s chorus and women’s chorus
- Footnotes
- W. BESSEL & CO., publishers, Petrograd
- M.P. BELAIEFF, publisher, Leipzig
- Appendix. Single tutti chords. Appendice. Accords isolés en tutti